What is a Electric Cars? & it's key components

What is a Electric Cars? And it's key components

Electric car
Basically when we talking about electric car, then we know that there is no common internal combustion engine.

In place of normal combustion engine we use a traction motor which runs over electricity.



All-Electric car (EVs) must have an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine and a battery pack in place of fuel.

The Electric car (EVs) vehicle uses a large battery pack to provide power to the electric motor.
Because it is necessary and basic part of the EVs  vehicle as liquid fuel is basic part of normal common vehicles.

When we use battery then we must needed a charging station to charge it as this type of vehicles are run over the electricity.

So it must that there should be  a charging station or wall outlet to charge the Electric car. 

The Electric car (EVs) vehicle doesn't emits any exhaust from a tailpipe because it does not contain any typical liquid fuel components, such as a fuel pump, fuel line, or fuel tank.

Key Components of an All-Electric Car

Mostly EVs components are decided into two parts:-

Basic parts

• Battery pack
• Controller
• Traction motor
• Power converter

Other electric components

• Transmission
• DC DC converter
• Auxiliary Battery
• On board charger
• Thermal cooling

Let's discuss all components of Electric car

Image credit:- google images

• Power converter:-  

converters main functions is to converts  the direct current (DC) of the battery into an alternating current (AC).

and then this alternating current is further used by an electric motor.

And it also has a function to change the AC current to DC current when regenerative braking generate AC current.
and this converted DC current used to recharge the battery of Electric car.

• Battery (auxiliary): 

In an electric vehicle, the auxiliary battery provides electricity power supply to vehicles accessories.

like its headlights, lighting system and other power accessories.

• Charge port:  

A port in needed to charge the EVs, the charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power supply to charge the battery pack.

• DC/DC converter: 

 This device is used to converts higher-voltage DC power from the battery pack to the lower-voltage DC power.

Because lower voltage power is needed to run all vehicle accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.

• Electric traction motor: 

 Because of there is no internal combustion engine to there is Electric motor is used in Electric car.

      This electric motor take power from battery pack.and drive the vehicle's wheels.

Some vehicles use motor generators thats use in both the drive and regeneration of energy.

• Onboard charger:

 On board charger is use to charge the battery pack of Electric car by using AC current.

It takes the AC electricity supplied via the charge port and converts it into DC power for charging the battery pack.

It also monitors battery characteristics like voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge while charging the  battery pack.

• Power electronics controller:

 power electronics controller unit manages the flow of electrical energy that flow from onboard charger to battery pack.

And battery pack to traction motor and the torque it produces.

• Thermal system (cooling): 

 Main perpose of thermal cooling system is to maintain absolute operating temperature range for battery pack,

raction motor, and other power controlled devices,
That the system works properly.

• Traction battery pack:

  Battery pack is most important part of any EVs vehicles.

And it's basic function is to stores electricity for use by the electric traction motor.

• Transmission (electric): The transmission transfers mechanical power from the electric traction motor to drive the wheels.

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TATA Nexon EV

Reference:
https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/how-do-all-electric-cars-work