What is brakes and braking system in a car

What are Brakes? Type of Brakes used in car

AND

it's components

What is braking system

Brake is the most important component in a car. If you are running at high speed then to stop or control brakes play a major role so brakes should be of right quality it includes good, because if you are running fast then you need the same amount of stopping power to reduce that speed.

It is a mechanical device that absorbs energy from a running car. It is used to deacelerate or stop a moving vehicle, which is mostly accomplished by means of frictional engagement of brakes.

How Brakes system works?

There are two types of brakes used in a car

Disc Brakes and Drums Brakes.

Disc brakes are mounted on front wheels and Drum brakes are mounted on rear wheels in a car. But now In some modern top varient cars all wheels have Disc brakes on.

Components used in brakes system:
There are several parts used in brakeing system such are_..

Brake Pedal:  brake pedal is primary part from where driver of car apply force to slowdown the speed of car

Fluid Reservoir: This is a reservoir where brake fluid or brake oil are strore which is used on the braking system.

Fluid Lines: Through this pipes  brake fluid flows to the brake caliper in the vehcile.

Brake Pads:  Steel  plates on this brakes are applied. It is usually made of metal or other hard-wearing composite materials.

Brake Shoes:  Pieces of sheet steel welded together that carry the brake lining.

Brake Drum:  It is the drum-shaped component used in drum brakes.

Rotor: It is a disc connected to wheel ,  made of reinforced carbon-carbon, ceramic matrix or other composite materials.

Brake Lining: It is heat-resistant, soft but tough material with a high friction characteristic housed inside a brake shoe.

Piston: It is a component contained by a cylinder piston is used in disc brakes

Caliper: A device on which brake pads and pistons are attached
Floating Calipers/Sliding Caliper also used

Master Cylinder: A device that converts foot pressure into hydraulic pressure and controls slave cylinders at the opposite end of the hydraulic system.

Parts of brakes credit: Google images

Vacuum Booster:

Types of brakes in a car

Basically there is three types of brakes used in cars

1. Mechanical brakes

2. Hydraulic brakes

3. Air Brakes 

Mechanical brakes

Mechanical brakes are basically used in Hand brakes or parking brakes. In this, a lever is attached under the driver seat and this lever is wire connected to brakes at the rear of the vehicle/ car

When the hand brake is engaged,Then tension is created at the brakes cable and the brake shoe tie the drum from rotating and hence the rotation of the wheel is restricted, and car stopped or slowdown it's speed.

This type of braking system is nowadays less used due to its less effectiveness

Mechanical braking system

Hydraulic brakes

The hydraulic brake system uses brake fluid in place of mechanical linkage to transfer pressure from the brake pedal to the brake shoe.
By pressing the pedal, brake fluid transfers this pressure force to the brake pads. In hydrolic brake liquids are non compressible, i.e.

this works on Pascal's law.

A hydraulic brake system mainly consists following systems
Brake pedal, Master cylinder, wheel cylinder and brake pads/shoe connected at the wheel of a car

When padel is pressed then master cylinder makes a pressure and send it to the wheels by pipe lines where needed

In this process a non compressible fluid is used
  

Hydraulic brakes

Advantages of hydraulic brake
• The force generated by the hydraulic braking system is higher compare to the mechanical braking system.

• The hydraulic braking system is one of the most important braking systems for modern cars.
• The chance of brake failure is very loe

Working of hydraulic brake

Air brakes

Air brake system consist of components like:

air compressor
air reserve tank
check valves
safety valves 

The working is quite similar to the working of hydraulic brakes.
The main difference is that
   In the hydraulic brakeing system we use fluid like oil
And in this system we use air to transmit the padel pressure force to the brake shoe

Airbrakes are most preferred in heavy vehicles.

Electromagnetic braking system:

The electromagnetic braking system uses the principle of electromagnetism to achieve frictionless braking. 

This acts to increase the lifetime and reliability of brakes. Also, traditional braking systems have a prone to slipping of two parts and  this is tackled by the quick magnetic brakes. So without friction this system is more efficient and effective and no need of lubrication, this technology is preferred in hybrids or costly cars, it  It is mostly used in the  and railways.
In electromagnetic brake a magnetic flux is passed perpendicular to the rotating wheel 

Add caption

This creates a opposite force to the rotation of car's wheel and this Stop the car.

Advantages of electromagnetic brake

Electromagnetic braking is fast ,cheap and efficient.

•there is no maintenance cost in electromagnetic braking like no replacing brake shoes periodically.
• By using electromagnetic braking, the controlling capacity of the car( like higher speeds, heavy loads) are be improved.

Thanks :Team mechanic                        
     .                Adda