What is turbocharger and why use

Turbo

What is the utilization of Turbocharger? construction and performance of Turbocharger

Type of Turbocharger

what's a turbocharger?

A turbocharger be a forced induction device that increases the overall efficiency of combustion engine and power by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber.

This improvement overall naturally aspirated engine’s power output 

the compressor can force more air—and proportionately more fuel—into the combustion chamber than naturally aspirated.

In naturally aspirated piston engines, intake gases are flow into the engine by air pressure filling the clearance +stroke area by the downward movement of the piston which creates a low-pressure area, almost like liquid is pulled up into a syringe cylinder

The perpose of a turbocharger is to enhance an engine’s efficiency by increasing the density of the intake gas and allowing more power per engine cycle.

The turbocharger’s compressor draws atmospheric air and compresses it before it getting into the manifold at increased pressure. This leads to a way air compressed into the cylinders on each intake stroke. the facility needed to rotate the centrifugal compressor springs from the K.E. of the engine’s exhaust gases.

A turbocharger can also increase fuel efficiency without increasing power. this is often done by recovering waste energy within the exhaust and sending it back to the engine intake. By using this wasted energy to extend the density of air, it becomes easier to make sure that each one fuel is burned before starting of the exhaust stage

Turbocharger Construction

A turbocharger consists of a compressor wheel and exhaust turbine wheel coupled to every other by one solid shaft which is employed to extend the intake atmospheric pressure of an indoor combustion engine. The exhaust turbine extracts energy from the exhaust gas and use to drive the compressor 

Figure 1. Turbocharger construction and flow of gases

turbocharger

Sectional view 

of turbocharger for a internal-combustion engine showing compressor wheel and turbine wheel The bearing system consists of a bearing 

Turbocharger Bearings

Bearings. 

The turbocharger bearing system appears simple in design but it plays a serious role in critical functions. a number of them important ones : 

the control of radial and axial rotation of the shaft and wheels and therefore the minimization of friction losses within the bearing system. Bearing systems have received considerable attention because turbocharger's friction and its impact on engine fuel efficiency.

Seals.

Seals are located at  ends of the both bearing housing. These seals  keep frictional losses low,due to the relatively large movements of the shaft due to bearing clearance and pressure gradients under some conditions.

These seals first-ever serve to stay intake air and exhaust gas out of the middle housing. The pressures within the intake and exhaust systems are normally above 

TYPES OF TURBOCHARGERS



by Vishal maurya



There are six common turbocharger configurations.



1. Single turbo

This is simplest, and still commonest , sort of turbo is that the single-turbocharger. due to its relative simplicity compared to the opposite options it's the most cost effective , 

but not the simplest , turbo option available. one turbocharger can’t be effective across the entire revolution range. Generally this smaller turbo that kicks in lower down on the revolution counter and offers good low-down torque,

2. Sequential turbo

Having problems to settle on between alittle low-end turbo or an enormous high-end one presents effective solution: fit two, one small and one large. That way have alittle turbo that kicks in early and provides good torque, and a much bigger one that gives top-end power, leading to a good and flat torque curve. 

On the opposite side, 

an engine set-up that's expensive, heavy and sophisticated .

3. Twin-scroll turbo

An engine’s cylinders fire in sequence, means exhaust gases enter the turbo in pulses, these pulses can easily overlap and interfere with each other when powering the turbo, and a twin-scroll turbocharger solves this issue by employing a divided-inlet turbine housing and a selected manifold that pairs the proper cylinders to every scroll. during a four-cylinder vehicle, the primary and fourth cylinders powering one scroll, and two and three powering another. this suggests that there’s less pulse overlap and fewer lag.

4. VGT turbo

A variable geometry turbo (VGT) is an upscale and sophisticated that’s especially utilized in diesel engines. 

A VGT features a ring aerodynamically-shaped vanes within the turbine housing which will change their area-to-radius ratio to match the revolutions of the engine. At low resolution, area-to-radius ratio creates more pressure to spool up the turbo more effectively. At higher revolutions, the ratio increases to let in additional air. The result's a wider boost range and fewer lag.



5. Variable twin-scroll turbo

A variable twin-scroll turbo combines a VGT with a twin-scroll setup, so at low revolutions, one among the scrolls is closed completely, forcing all the air into the opposite . This leads to good turbo response and low-end power. As you speed up, a valve opens to permit air into the opposite scroll (this may be a completely variable process, meaning the valve opens in small increments), you get good high-end performance. You get the type of performance from one turbo that you’d normally only be ready to get from a twin-turbo set-up.

6. Electric turbo

A very recent development is that the introduction of turbos with electric compressors. The compressor provides instant boost to the engine, until the turbocharger has speed up enough. 

A compressor needs a motor, which successively must be powered, so this is often not an easy system to implement.

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 To read what is supercharger click here:

https://mechanicadda.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-is-supercharge.html?m=1